FD223a

Overview

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FD223a Datasheet
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FD223a Instruction Manual
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The FD223a is a dual differential, high impedance amplifier/electrometer designed specifically for electrochemical measurements using ion specific (K+, Na+, Cl-, etc.) or pH glass microelectrodes.

The instrument is very stable, drift free, and features a built in provision for measuring and adjusting input leakage current. DC levels may be independently adjusted for each probe channel.

The ability to locate the sensing probes directly at the measurement site overcomes the noise introduced by the long cables usually needed to bring the measured potential to the instrument. Signal-driven guards at the probe input maintains the specified high resistance and reduces the stray capacitance of the probes.

Careful design, coupled with quality component selection, particularly in the headstage, results in an excellent amplifier with low noise and wide bandwidth. The FD223a will faithfully reproduce the measured signal.

To reduce the noise and stray capacity even farther the probe housing includes a signal driven guard. A portion of this inner driven shell is exposed at the probe tip allowing a spring shield to be extended over the electrode holder and microelectrode.

Specifications

Accessories

Citations

Mousavi, S. A. R., Nguyen, C. T., Farmer, E. E., & Kellenberger, S. (2014). Measuring surface potential changes on leaves. Nature Protocols, 9(8), 1997–2004. http://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2014.136

Yoshida, T., Nin, F., Murakami, S., Ogata, G., Uetsuka, S., Choi, S., … Hibino, H. (2016). The unique ion permeability profile of cochlear fibrocytes and its contribution to establishing their positive resting membrane potential. Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 468(9), 1609–1619. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-016-1853-2

Oshima, H., Ikeda, R., Nomura, K., Yamazaki, M., Hidaka, H., Katori, Y., … Kobayashi, T. (2014). Change in Endocochlear Potential During Experimental Insertion of a Simulated Cochlear Implant Electrode in the Guinea Pig. Otology & Neurotology, 35(2), 234–240. http://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0b013e3182a36018

Campbell, J. B., Andersen, M. K., Overgaard, J., & Harrison, J. F. (2018). Paralytic hypo-energetic state facilitates anoxia tolerance despite ionic imbalance in adult Drosophila melanogaster. The Journal of Experimental Biology, jeb.177147. http://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.177147

Karunasinghe, R. N., Grey, A. C., Telang, R., Vlajkovic, S. M., & Lipski, J. (2017). Differential spread of anoxic depolarization contributes to the pattern of neuronal injury after oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in the Substantia Nigra in rat brain slices. Neuroscience, 340, 359–372. http://doi.org/10.1016/J.NEUROSCIENCE.2016.10.067

Rubio, L., García, D., García-Sánchez, M. J., Niell, F. X., Felle, H. H., & Fernández, J. A. (2017). Direct uptake of HCO 3 − in the marine angiosperm Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile driven by a plasma membrane H + economy. Plant, Cell & Environment, 40(11), 2820–2830. http://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13057

Lippert, F., Al Dehailan, L., Castiblanco, G. A., Tagelsir, A. A., Buckley, C., & Eckert, G. J. (2018). Enhancing predicted fluoride varnish efficacy and post-treatment compliance by means of calcium-containing gummy bears. Journal of Dentistry. http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JDENT.2018.03.015

Staun Larsen, L., Baelum, V., Tenuta, L. M. A., Richards, A., & Nyvad, B. (2018). Fluoride in saliva and dental biofilm after 1500 and 5000 ppm fluoride exposure. Clinical Oral Investigations, 22(3), 1123–1129. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-017-2195-y

Heiny, J. A., Cannon, S. C., & Di Franco, M. (2018). A Four Microelectrode Method to Study Intracellular Ion Concentration and Transport in Skeletal Muscle Fibers. Biophysical Journal, 114(3), 627a. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.3386

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